Vachirayonstien, T., D. Promkhatkaew, M. Bunjob, A. Chueyprom, P. Chavalittumrong and P. Sawanpanyalert. 2010. Molecular evaluation of extracellular activity of medicinal herb Clinacanthus nutans against herpes simplex virus type-2. Nat Prod Res. 24, 3: 236-45.

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (C. nutans), a medicinal herb belonging to the family Acanthaceae, has traditionally been used in herpes simplex virus (HSV) treatment in Thailand. Clinical trials have indicated that topical preparations produced from its extracts were effective in HSV-2 treatment. However, there is no clear evidence of the mechanism of action or a molecular target of C. nutans. In this study, the extracellular activity of C. nutans extracts against HSV-2 infected on HEp-2 cells was investigated in terms of its molecular aspects. HSV-2 was treated with the extracts and adsorped into the HEp-2 cells. After infection, HSV-2 DNA quantities in the infected cells were assessed and compared by the quantitative dot blot hybridisation technique. The results showed that treating the viruses with either less or more highly purified extracts before infection resulted in great reductions of viral infectivity. Further investigation was performed by Western blot analysis to determine the activities of the extracts on the viral proteins. At least eight viral proteins of the infected cell proteins (ICP) and some structural proteins, including 146, 125, 78, 69, 55, 44, 40 and 20 KDa proteins, were depleted and reduced gradually with higher and lower concentrated herb extracts, respectively. These suggest that the C. nutans extracts highly inactivated or inhibited HSV-2 before infection.

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Pichanee Sanmanowong. 2006. The efficacy of glycerine payayor in prevention and relief of oral mucositis among patients with cancer recieving Chemotherapy. M. Sc. Thesis. Mahidol University, Bangkok.

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Jayavasu, C., K. Balachandra, S. Sangkitjaporn, A. Maharungruangrat, P. Thavatsupa, M. Bunjob, P. Chalittamrong, T. Dechativongse Na Ayudhaya and N. Sittisomwong. 1992. Clinical Trial in the Treatment of Genital Herpes Patients with Clinacanthus NutansExtract. Com Dis J 18, 3: 152-161.

Abstrat; Genital herpes suspected patients were treated with cream base developed from the extract of Clinacanthus Nutans (C. nutans), and others (Acyclovir and placebo) for comparisons. From seventy-veven patients, it showed that most were in the aged range of 16-35 years old and 71 cases were diagnosed as HSV-2 (92.2%) which were divided into primary infection, 15 cases (19.5%), and secondary infection, 56 cases (72.7). From drug treatment, it showed tht patients who used C. nutans , as well as  those who used acyclovir, could develope crust lesion within 3 days and healing within 7 days while placebo group had crusting time in 4-7 days and healing time in 7-14 days or more. This meant that C. nutans and acyclovir had good efficacy in shortening the duration of infection and reduce severity. Besides, C. nutans had no sticky, burning stinging pain and side effects. In conclusion, it is belived that C. nutans is suitable for the treatment of genital herpes.

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Charuwichitratana, S., N. Wongrattanapasson and M. Bunjob. 1996. HERPES ZOSTER: TREATMENT WITH CLINACANTHUS NUTANS  CREAM. International Journal of Dermatology 35, 9: 665-666.

Conclusion; Clinacanthus nutans cream is more effective than placebo in the treatment of herpes zoster and the patients, especially young adults, should have the blood test for anti-HIV antibody since the prevalence rate of HIV is higher than in the normal population.  

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Visanu Thamlikitkul. 1994. Treatment of Herpes genitalis and Herpes zoster withClinacanthus nutans. J infect dis Antimicrob Agents. 95-96

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Sangkitporn, S., S. Chaiwat, K. Balachandra, T. Dechatiwongse Na-Ayudhaya, M. Bunjob and C. Jayavasu. 1995. Treatment of Herpes Zoster with Clinacanthus nutans (Bi Phaya Yaw) Extract. J Med Assoc Thai 78, 11: 624-626

Summary;  A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of topical formulation ofClinacanthus nutans (Bi Phaya Yaw) extract was carried out in 51 patients with varicella-zoster virus infection. The study medication was applied five times daily for 7-14 days until the lesion were healed. The number of patients with lesion healing within 3 days and with lesion healing within 7 days and 10 days were significantly greater in the C. nutans  extract-treated group than the placebo group (P<0.01). Pain scores were reduced more rapidly in the C. nutans. extract-treated than the placebo group. There were no side effects of the study medication.